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Putting it Together

Summing it all up –  See Page 8 “Earth Stops rotating in front of the Sun”.   As such there are no 24 Hours, 60 Minutes and  60 Seconds as Time ceases to exist.  We,  however,  keep the scale i.e. the numbers 24, 60 & 60.   The Length  of the Earth’s  Equatorial Circumference = 40075 Kms remains unaffected  by the Earth stopping to revolve in front of the Sun.   One Kilometer is  1000 m,   the  meter is 1 ¸ 10,000,000th of the Distance of the North Pole to the Equator which does not make much sense as the Earth is not rotating from the North pole to the Equator in front of the Sun, but the North and South  poles  form the axis about which the Earth’s  Equator  revolves  in front of the Sun,   hence it makes  more sense to divide the Earth’s Equator.  As such we divide the Earth’s Equator in 5 different ways and get 5 different kinds of  kilometers  i.e. The Lambu Km,  the Chotu Km,   the Chinna Km,  the Nikku Km  and  the Ati Chinna Km  giving us 5 options among  innumerable  options.  The Chotu km keeping the scale 24 X 60 X 60 has been kept  in order  to help in understanding the transition  from the Time concept,  ( which  exists  no more)  to  Distance (  Distance  being the only reality).   For the same reason the table below gives comparisons  between the Kilometer scales  and the Non Existent Time concept of the past.

The Movement of the Equator  through  5 different scales i.e.

1. Lambu Km  :-       40075 Km ( E_ECD )  ¸ 1.001875  Km   = 40000 {= 25 X 40 X 40 },
2. Chotu Km   :-       40075 Km ( E_ECD )  ¸  0.463831  Km =  86400 {= 24 X 60 X 60 },
3. Chinna Km  :-      40075 Km ( E_ECD )  ¸  0.40075  Km  =  100000 {= 10 X 100 X 100 },
4. Nikku Km    :-      40075 Km ( E_ECD )  ¸  0.29209  Km =  137200 {= 28 X 70 X70},
5. Ati Chinna Km :- 40075 Km ( E_ECD )  ¸  0.200375  Km =  200000 {= 20 X 100 X 100 } ]

showing  the various distances in  their respective Km scales causes the following  time Equivalencies  shown below in the table

Earth’s Equatorial  Circumference  Moves…………..
Length  (L)	40,000 Lkm  Causes 24 Hrs.	86,400Chkm   Causes     24 Hrs.	100,000 Chikm   Causes   24 Hrs.
Basic (B)	1600 Lkm   – do –    57’. 36”	3600 Chkm    – do –          60’	10,000 Chikm   – do –   2 Hrs.24’ ( 144 ’ )
Range (R)	40 Lkm      – do –       1’. 26” (  86” )	60 Chkm      – do –             60”	100 Chikm      – do –       1’. 26” (  86”)
Portion (P)	1 Lkm    – do –            2.16”	1  Chkm      – do –               1”	1 Chikm      – do –             0.86”
Length  (L)	1,37,200 Nikm  Causes   24 Hrs.	2,00,000 Ackm  Causes  24 Hrs.
Basic (B)	4900 Nikm     -do-         51’. 26”	10,000 Ackm  – do –  1 Hrs. 12’ (  72 ’ )
Range (R)	70 Nikm       -do-            44.08”	100 Ackm      – do –          43.”
Portion (P)	1 Nikm         -do-            0.63”	1 Ackm          – do –         0.43”

5. Chinna Kilometres

The scale for the Chinna kilometer is 10x100x100x 0.40075=40075 kms. See below figure 29.

We take a circle which represents 10x100x100 = 100,000 Chinna kms and on dividing it by 2.5 we get 40000kms. Which represents the approximate abbreviated size of the equatorial circumferential distance of 40,075km. Which is than shown as divided into four equal parts at 10000kms, 20000kms,30000kms and 40000kms it is also divided into 24 equispaced distances of which only four have been shown to represent the imagery 24 hours. Corresponding to these distance divisions four time divisions of 6hrs, 12hrs,18hrs and 24hrs have also been shown.

As may be observed from the above our Chinna kilometer would have the length of 0.40075 kms. As such 1 Chinna kilometer is about 400 meter or about 0.4 kms.

So Energy = Work ( ability of) = Force x Distance = (Mass x acceleration ) x distance  =  (Mass x [rate of change of velocity ] x distance ) =  kg x m/s² x m  = Kg x ( m/s )²  in the New Concept this would be read as  follows –    kg. x  ( 1, 463.831 Chm/P )² .  (see also  Page 47)

Relativistic Energy

Generalisation of momentum in keeping with the principal of relativity. Likewise the definition of kinetic energy  ( see C. P. page 896 ) mv²/2 was changed by Einstein to

Kinetic Energy                               K E = mc² – m ₀c²

Where m₀c² is a term which is independent  of the speed of the object and it is called the rest energy of the object . The term mc² , which depends on the object’s speed  is therefore the sum of the  kinetic and rest energies . We define  mc² to be the total energy E, that is

                                              E = mc² = K E  + m₀c² 

This is  Einstein’s famous mass-energy equivalence equation The relation E = mc² shows that  the mass is a form of Energy. Furthermore, this result shows that even a small mass corresponds to an enormous amount of energy.

Energy = E which has been dealt with above has mass in Kg. and velocity of light  c.

For Example, the mass of an electron is  9.11  x  10 ^{– 31} kg. Hence , its rest energy is

(see Page 897 C. P.)

                                m ₀c² =( 9.11 x 10  ^{– 31}  kg) ( 3 x 10 ⁸ m/s)² = 8.2 x 10 ^{– 14}    J

here we see that according to  the New Concept  the Mass  kg  remains kg,  meter m changes to  (1¸ 463.831) Chm  , second s changes to P &  J from C. P.  page 80 &  110
 J = N.m and N = 1kg.m/s²also N.m = J=1kg. (m/s)²
According to the concept J changes to
J  = 1kg. ( 1.463.831 Chm/ P)².
And  m₀c² = 8.2 x  10 ^{– 14}  J  would read  according to the New Concept as –

  m₀c² = 8.2 x 10^-14 1kg. ( 1.463.831 Chm/P)².  

 

As such, the New Concept is in no way in conflict with Max Planck’s or Albert Einstein’s Theories.

Further it may be noted that the New Concept does not conflict in any way with Max Planck’s or Einstein’s theories but rather accommodates them.

In 1900, Max Planck developed a formula (his analysis led to a curve see Fig. 27) for blackbody radiation i.e. E_n = nhf   where n is a positive integer called a quantum number and f is the frequency of vibration of the molecules. The factor h is a constant, known as the Planck’s Constant, given by-  h = 6.626 x 10 ^-34  J. s  [ see C.P. Page 915].  So looking at this formula, we see that the New Concept leaves n, the positive integer, unaffected. Frequency ‘f ‘ is the number of cycles or vibrations per unit time.

From above it is observed that the unit of time   being used here  is a second. So according to the New Concept, Frequency would be-  ‘ f ‘ is the number of cycles or vibrations per Portion. [See 44 & 45]. Also in

 6.626 x  10  ^{– 34}   j. s  we see that  6.626 x 10  ^-34   remains unaffected by the New Concept; so we are now left with  j. s, here again, ’s’ becomes ‘ P’ and finally we are left  with j (Joule) which is a unit of Work in the SI System .  A Joule, i.e. j = N. m, is a Newton – meter. A Newton is defined as 1N = 1kg.m/s ²    [see page 80 a (4.3) Page 110 C.P.). Therefore j. s = Newton meter .s = 1kg.m/s ^2.m s = 1kg m² /s , which, according to the New Concept would be 1kg (1 ¸ 463.831) Chm²/P. As such, Planck’s constant according to the New Concept, would read as –

                                       h = 6.626 x 10 ^-34 1kg ( 1 x 463.831 Chm) ² /P                                                                        

Note: – (18) The Speed of Light in Vacuum is   c »  3.00 x 10 ⁸ m/ s    [see Physical Constants C. P.]. As per New Concept it would be c  »   [ 3.00 ¸ 463.831 ]  x  10 ⁸ Chm/P

Einstein  modified and reinterpreted the work of Planck to show that the  Energy of a photon is proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave i. e. Energy of a photon  is given by

E = h f.

Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. And Work = Force x Distance, also Force = Mass x Acceleration. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

Some calculations of Physics problems by conventional methods – alongside by  the New Concept Method.

a      If a body is moving with a uniform velocity of 40 m/s, how far will it go in     two minutes? [Problem 1 (Pg-31) I.C.S.E.]

                                                                                               Solution

Conventional method                                           New Concept Method

v = 40m/s                                                               v = 40 Chm/P

t = 2minutes = 2 x 60 seconds                                Dial Distance = 2 R = 2 x 60 P

   = 120 seconds                                                                           = 120 P

S = v x t                                                                 S = v x Dial Distance

     = 40 x 120 = 4800 meters                                      = 40 x 120 = 4800 Ch meters

    = 4 km 800 meters                                                   = 4 Ch Km 800 Ch meters

                                                                                            Acceleration

Conventional method                                           New Concept Method

Acceleration = Change in Velocity                          Change in Distance/Dial (D_F)

                              Time Taken                              Dial Distance (D_F)

                           Distance                                         Distance

                     =    Time                                           = Dial (D_F)

                           Time                                                Dial (D_F)

                     =   Distance                                                Distance        

                          Time x time                                         Dial (D_F) x Dial (D_F)

                     =     Distance                                       =   Distance

                             Time²                                               (Dial D_F) ²

                     = Distance/Time²                               = Distance/ (Dial D_F) ²

2. A body starts moving from rest with an acceleration of 5m/s². How far will it go in 1 minute? [Problem 5 (Pg-32) I.C.S.E.]

                                                                        Solution

Conventional method                                     New Concept Method

u = 0, a = 5 m/s²                                                              u = 0, a = 5Chm/P²

t = 1 minute = 60 seconds                                 Dial D_F= 1R = 60 P

S = ut + ½ at²=  0 x 60 + ½ x 5 x 60 x 60            = 0x60P + ½ x 5 x 60P x 60P

   = 0 + 9000 m                                                      = 0 + 9000 Ch meters

   =9km                                                                  = 9ChotuKm

Below are given Newton’s Laws and we observe that the New Concept does not clash in any way with these laws, but rather accommodate them.

1. Newton’s First Law of  Motion

It states that every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion     in a straight line (velocity), unless it is acted upon by some external force which compels it to change that state. (ICSE Physics Alternative Part – II Page 42 Inertia – 77 College Physics)

1. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

It states that the force of attraction between any two objects in the Universe varies directly to the product of their masses and inversely to the square of the distance between them i.e.

F a    m₁m₂

d²

1. Inertial and gravitational mass

F = m₁ x a        or   m₁ =   F             W  = m_g  x g     or    m_{g =}  W 

a                                                       g

1. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the impressed force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts. (mass x changing  velocity or mass x acceleration)

Note: The property that a body possesses due to the combined effect of its mass and velocity is called momentum.      p =  m x v

1. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

It states that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction                                                                                                                  

Note:- 3  We observe from above 

1.        deals with “motion in a straight-line” i.e. Velocity ,  and Force.
2. deals with Force , Mass and  Distance
3. deals with Force, Mass and Acceleration i.e. F = m x a . Here acceleration a  also becomes g (Gravitational Acceleration).
4. deals with  Momentum = mass x velocity and also Force (all of which have been given above).
5. deals mainly with force. All these have been dealt with in detail  see pages  46, & 47

beginning itself would become an end; and it would no longer be endless or infinite. Therefore as there is no beginning from where would we observe the infinite; as our post of observation would itself impose a limit on the limitless or endless infinity.   So we would not be able to describe Infinite Space as a Physical event as we can not establish a frame of reference for it. As a result we would not have a co-ordinate system for it as in a laboratory, as we would not know where to lay the origin for the co-ordinate axis.  As such, to comprehend the Infinite outer Space would also be a separate Topic. As such Only Distance Exists, And causes space but does not need Space.

This curve can be calculated mathematically as while standing on the Earth’s surface, we are seeing curved space.  As such we have taken this illustration. However any other curved surface could also be reduced to a distance. What is important to be noticed is that any kind of curved space could be reduced to a distance with a direction. 

Note: –  (14)

See Figure 27, we have space defined as a product

of the Distances on the X, Y & Z co-ordinates. We

see that as the Distance on Z axis approaches zero,

space disappears leaving behind only an area, which

is a product of the Distances on the Y & X axis.

Further we also see that as the Distance on the Y axis

approaches zero the area also disappears leaving a

Distance on the X axis. These distances have

direction as shown by the Z,Y & X axis’s. Let us

further consider that the X axis is also made shorter

& shorter so that we have a very, very short distance

not quite 0 but very close to it then we will still have a

very, very small distance with the Direction of the X

axis. Now, suppose the Distance of the X axis also

becomes 0, then there will be Nothingness which

is hard to comprehend, may be some thing like a BLACK

HOLE. Anyway that would be a separate Topic. So Finally

Only Distance Exists – However Small.

Note:-(15)“As the existence of Nothingness sounds like a Paradox.”

Note: – (16) It has been argued that there could not be a distance without space. This is, however, possible as according to C.P. page  877 Paragraph 28.2

The Principle of Relativity ” In order to describe a Physical event, it  is necessary to establish a frame of reference……in a laboratory, a co-ordinate system.  Let us therefore take a room having a height, length and breadth, then these may be treated as Co-ordinate axes, as ginen in the Notes (12) & (14) and which can be reduced to a distance and direction. (Whereby Space disappears and we have only a distance with a direction) As it is also in the case of the Note (12).   Remark: – A Brick house cannot be without a brick – (i.e. Bricks to build it) but a Brick can be by itself without a Brick house.

Further reference was also made to the Infinite outer Space. Here it may be pointed out that infinite means endless i.e. without a beginning or an end i.e. infinite has no beginning, as otherwise, the

For Needle B -120 mm = 1L; 60mm = 1E; 5mm = 1B

For Needle R- 60mm = 1B, 1mm = 1R

For Needle P- 60 mm = 1R ; 1mm = 1P.

           

NOTE: – 11

Speed (velocity) of the Earth’s Rotation about itself and in Orbit about the    Sun may be taken as constant. As such time can be eliminated leaving only DISTANCE travelled in Km  (But on the contrary could it be possible, to eliminate “Time”, a figment of our imagination which does not exist?).

SPACE

Also when we talk  about SPACE we talk about it in the

three Dimensional X,Y,Z co-ordinate system, that is, see

Figure 24 * the Length- Breadth and Height or we may

even talk of curved space. Whatever these DISTANCES

are, after all they are only DISTANCES. Even if Space is

measured and expressed according to the curved SPACE

THEORY, still this would mean it can be reduced to just

being a DISTANCE (Of course, Directions would remain).

As such, DISTANCES replaces SPACE. Therefore, as a

result, both TIME and SPACE are in reality only DISTANCE –

as TIME and SPACE do not exist.**

Note 11-B

* This is a right angle i.e. 90 degrees to one another X,Y,Z

co-ordinate system. There could also be other angles (even

angles are distances) instead of 90 degrees and these would

also give us  innumerable  dimensional systems. Also  as we

can see in Figure 24-B if X, Y and Z axis’s are rotated each

in turn through an angle of 360 degrees we would get

innumerable other dimensional systems. As such we cannot

limit ourselves to just four or five dimensions. Anyway

however many dimension there may be they would all be

reducible to a distance.

 

** Therefore, we have distances with directions all around us, as there is no such thing as Space. As such we also occupy distances having directions within us.